Electrical system.



R. VARLEY. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. APPLICATION TILED MAR. 21, 1914.

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,WITNESSES INVENTOR WW m. 1. 6

R. VARLEY;

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. 7 APPLICATION IILBD MAILZI, 1914.

1,103,385; Patented July 14,1914.

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4n] iuum FIG. 2

WITNESSES Original application filed June 16, 1913, Serial No. 773,807. Divided and "ED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD VARLEY, OF ENGLEWQOD, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented July 14, 1914. this application filed March 21,

1914. Serial No. 826,235.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD VARLEY, a citizen of the United States of America, re-

' siding at Englewood, in the county of Bergen and State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptiomreference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

. This invention relates to systems for producing electrical discharges from a'source of energy. As such a device I provide means for causing a high tension efiectively sustained dischargeof current without employ ment of large and heavy apparatus and which may find embodiment in many systems, such as wireless telegraphy, and ignition systems for exploding the charge of internal combustion engines.

The broad feature, herein disclosed, of building up a supernormal state of flux for prolonged energizing of a current using instrumentality is covered by Patent No. 1,081,413, granted to. me December 16th,

1913, and to divisional-subject matter of which the present application is directed.

In the accompanying drawings hereinafter described, I have illustrated my invention asembodied in an ignition system "for internal combustion engines but it will be-premised that I do, not desire to limit myself thereto,-sa-id embodiment being only --coil or I generator inductively wound upon .the: secondary winding of the arma-v/ .tiu'r'e,by'reason of its rotation, after the primary circuit has beeninterrupted, the

capable.

one of the many uses of which myinvention system employing a produces a high. voltage spark of short duration "The usualignition and lowv heat, and therefore, poor ignitive value. This is due to the radical magnetizing and demagnetizing effect upon the core or armature of the nductive generator, upon break ng of the primary circuit, and resultant non-sustained magnetic flux action; the momentarily lnduced current in the secondary winding producing a correspondingly short inefiective'sp'ark, and while in the alternating current high tension vmagneto or generator there is a certain amount of current augmentatively generatively' impressed formed a spark having the character subv stantially of arc-sustenance and high heat value as contra-distinguished from the instantaneously delivered low heat spark above referred to, thereby producing a spark operativelyalive for a greater period of time relatively to the travel of the piston, than heretofore has been possible and thus making it effective u on thin or. weak gas mixtures and such 0 arges as contain occluded dead or Weak spots. Furthermore, I provide asystem'in which I may dispense with the condenser or other sparkarresting means.

My invention comprises, broadly stated, I

the combination with a source of current, of transformer means i, and mechanism for effecting energizing of and for controlling the transformer with respect to the source of current to cause operative sustained. energizing of a current using instrumentality, as prolonged bridging of' the gap of a spark plug, as will be' hereinafter more fully described. r

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of circuits and a paratus showing my-invention asemploye in connection with an ignition system, said. diagram showing a generator asa source of current; and Fig. 2 is a-siinilar view showing switch-and circuit connections for effecting energizing of the transformer from a source of alternating current or a source of continuous ordirect current, such as a battery.

In Fig. 1 Ishow a magneto genera-tor of the higlp frequency type, the same being one ofthe many types of inductive generator for lgnition service on autovehicles. How- ,eveigl do not desire to limit my invention to the employmentof any articular type of generator or means affording a source of current, as my device is advantageously operable with any type of generator 'or with a battery or accumniulator, as the source of energy. This alternating current generator, which indicated by the numeral 2, (preferably being of the standard type for a four cylinder four cycle engine) has its ignition energizing circuit or inductive Winding grounded at one end, as at 3, while the other end con-' nects through a switch L to winding of transformer mechanism forming part of the spark producing apparatus shown. The

transformer device comprises a core 6 which may be of any suitable shape or construction and which carries on the legs 7 and 8 thereof windings 9 and 1 0 respectively, both of which are grounded, as at 11, to bringthem in circuit with the generator through ground 3. In the circuit of the winding 10 is interrupter mechanism 12 which may be of any suitable construction; and comprises that are grounded at 20, as through the cyl-= inders of the engine. Proper synchronizing of the distributer with the circuit interrupting mechanism may be effected in any suitable manner, the interrupter; cani- 15' .being of such construction and so, arranged as to cause symmetrically periodic or commensurate closlng' and opening of the-circuitof the coil or winding 10, at a suitable point or points in the alternating current wave, as hereinafter described. It will be understood that the generator. 2 may be driven by the engine through any suitable form ofcon-- nection or gearing (not shown) so as to energize the coils of windings 9 and 10. The circuit of the winding 10 isa'arman closed by the interrupter mechanism 12, therefore energizing of the windings 9 and 10 by. the generatorinduces a magnetic -Iflux in the transformer core 6, which seeks the normal magnetic path of the core. The turns of. winding of these coils 9 and 10 are unidirectionally wound with the result that the lines of force set up respectively by these two coils tend to meet one'another'inopposition at an intermediate point in thecore, causing them to take an abnormal path. The abnormal path taken is preferably a magnetically reluctant one, as by employing upon saturation of the core, takes a leakage path across an air gap or space intermediate the sides of the tI'IIIISfOI'HIGR Rotation'of the cam 15 of the interrupter mechanism, causes sudden opening of the circuit of the coil or winding 10 preferably at a suitable pointin the alternating current wave. This point of opening of the circuit take place, by reason of synchronous relationship of the cam and phases of the generator, at

ing of the circuit of the winding 10 causes a violent change of flux in the leg'8 and the diverted or repressed flux takes the less resistant or normal path provided by the core, setting a magnetic surge in the core of great intensity, particularly through the leg is not broken by the-interrupter but remains ator, the rate of change of flux in the leg 7 is not so great as thatnin the legS, upon openin but, with said windings 9 and 10 connected at normal .full load; opening of the circuit of the winding 10 causes a rise in voltage in the winding 9. As aresult of said flux change ately generatively built up to an intense degree inthe secondary coils or windings a .and b of the transformer, breaking down or @or terminals of the respective spark plug connected in circuit through the distributer. :mechanism. above described. The spark 5thus formed is not a mere instantaneous flash or of brief duration. It-continues to fburn substantially in the form of a flaming -arc maintained by a resident body of flux normal reluctance of the spark gap and in iauguration of the spark cry-arc in effect secondary coil of the windings, with-the result thatithere is established-a mutual or t reciprocal: regulative relationship between the arc and'secondary winding or flow of flux which tends .to prevent immediate former the are assuming a rheostatic func- :oflflux, in such manner as to prolong its ?activity with respectto are or flame maintenance atthe plug.

islight'increase.in'voltage, to the core 6 and secondary coil or winding 0, assistive or .additive tov the normal current 1n the seclnasmu'ch as the circuit of the winding 9' of the circuit of the Winding 10,"

.' bridging the air gap between the electrodes ep alization of the flux or demagnetization or dissipation of the energy of the transltion and causing the windings a and b to i substantially choke or strain the large body a core, such as shown, in which the flux or near the peak or 'inaximum point or period of flow of the current wave. Open in energizing relationship with the gener in parallel with ,arldthe generator operating and magnetic surge, the'voltage is immedithe core,-'for the breaking down of the 5110 'cause's'arclosmg of the circuit containing the Furthermore, the winding 9 continues to supply energy 'at a to; generatively impress'a current, in the particular arrangement shown, upon the flux in thetransf ormer core.

the above character, that IS, sustam'edinfa-n ondary winding set up or induced by the A spark of arc-like manner, is highly effective upon thin or weakgas mixtures or suchacharges as are of low volatility. Where the system is employed in connection with other appa ratus in which it is desired to effect sustained energizing of the current using instrun ient thereoflas in the case of wireless telegraphy, it will be found of great value. Instantaneous establishment of the spark at the plug or other current using instrument and its 'nzaintained utilization of energy causes the active secondary circuit containing the spark producing means, toso absorb the energy and control. the flux action as to prevent self-inductance of a sparking current in the circuit containing the interrupter contacts, As a result, thereis little or no. tendency to] sparking between the inter? rupter contacts upon opening of thecircuit ofthe coil' lO. I am thus enabled to employ ordinary material, such ascopper, for the abovejparts, and-dispense with theme ofa condenser or other spark arresting means which is necessary in the ordinary systems to absorb the sparking resulting from interruption of a primary circuit. However, I do not desire to limit my invention to a system in which no condenser is employed for a condenser may be necessary. where abnormal conditions obtain in the circuits.v

- I have, therefore, indicated'in dotted lines,

a interrupter contacts.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a modified form of my invention wherein means are provided for'setting up energizing of the'transformer; through a separate source of energy such as" a battery; the arrangement being desirable in that it affords means fcir providingan effective ignition current prior to such ti es asthe generator 2 may furnish a current of proper voltage or at such times when it is desired to run on battery ignition independ ently of the generator 2. In this view I show a system corresponding with that disil closed in Fig. 1 with the exception that. circuit and switch means are provided for-F setting up froni a battery circuit, inductive energizing of the secondary windings a and Z) of the transformer, as by a battery 22. The transformer windings remain the same but a double arm switch arrangement 23 is provided to bring the windings 9 and 10. into circuit with the generator 2 orthe battery 22. When the double arm sWitch isshitted to contacts 24 and 25, current flows from the generator to switch arm 4, wind-- ing; 9 and, with the interrupter mechanism closed, through winding 10, and then to ground 11 back to the generator through ground 3. More particularly current flows flows-in parallel. through lead 28 and switch arm 43 to coiLQ, and through interrupter mechanism 12 to coil 10; the flux building up in the transformer pending opening of the circuitof the winding 10 and resultant discharge of current in the secondary windings a and b, as already described in connection with Fig. 1. W hen the double arm switch is shifted to contacts 29 and 30, the generator circuit above described, for energizing the transformer windings, is broken and current flows from the battery through lead 26 and interrupter-mechanism 12 and thence through coil 10 and in parallel througlrcoil 9 via lead 31 and switch arm 4 to grounds l1 and 32, back to battery; the interrupter machanism 12- being common to the circuits'of both coils or windings 9 and 10. The battery current induces a flux which, byreason of the unidirectional arrangement of the coils or windings 9 and 10, tends to seek an intermediate abnormal path as in the case of thealternating flux described in connection with Fig. 1 and the alternating current circuit connections described above infconnection with the present Fig. 2. Opening of, the. interrupter mechanism causes the flux to take the normal path provided by the core, with the result that the change of path of travel and surge of the flux induces a high potential current in the secondary windings a and Z), which is circuit of the secondary winding or coils, to restrict immediate exhaustion of the fluX,-in' the manner set forth in the description of the arrangement shown in Fig, 1. Where my system isemployed in connection with fa high frequency genera-tor, such as indi QCated the gage or size of the turns of the windings 9 and 10 of the transformer would "be preferably such as'to present no resistance impeditive to effective flow ofthe high frequency current therethrough. The result is that such windings would not present .a desired resistance to the direct or continuous current flow of the battery. To overcome any such dissipating capacity effect upon the battery, I may insert a resistance in the battery'circuit. This resistance is indicated by the numeral 33 and may be of any suitable character, the same being commonly connected to or in series-parallel relationship with the transformer windings 9 and 10 when the battery circuit connections, above described, are made, and being outbf circuit with said windings when the generator connections are made, through th .double armed switch arrangement 23. In Fig. 2 I have also indicated tie condenser 21 connected across the interru titer contacts. As stated above, I do not desire to limit myself with respect to condenser connections as the condenser may prove necessary under through lead 26 and then divides at 27 and certain conditions'and can be used in the sustained by the tendency of the arc closed battery circuit-to absorb any sparking that may result from interrupting both 'of the windings 9 and 10.

he. advantages'of my invention will be found to reside in a system whereby prolonged" energizing of a current using instrumentality islobt'ained by the use of simple, small and compact apparatus and through the employment of either alternating or continu- Gus current. My system operates to instantaneousl-y break down the resistance of the spark gap Xuitlia current of high voltage and tofollow the initial formation of the spark with a current of sustained high heat value.

1 used.

In both cases, z'. e., either in the use of alterating current or cdnt-inuous'or batterycur- Kent, this arc-like sustained spark obtains,

said flame being: highly effective upon gas charges whichtanriot be exploded by the usual momentarilyd'elivered sparkor flash ignition systems as heretofore I I common to Many changes may be made in the rangement-shown and described. 'Ilie cir-Z cuit and switch connections may be changed without cleparting from the principle of energizing and controlllng the transformer,

' and it will also be apparent that any suitable form of generator may be employed for energizing the transformer;

Having thus described my invention, What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: a

1. A source of energy and a circuit therefor, a plurality of coils inductively related thereto; a current using instrumentality in circuit with one of said coils, and means for. bringing another of said coils into circuit with said source.

' 2. A source of energy and a circuit therefor, a primary COIl IHdUCUVQly related to said circuit, and a plurality of secondary coils inductively related to said primary coil. r

3. A source of energy and a circuit therefor, a' primary coil inductively related tosaid cii-cuit,} and' a plurality oi secondary coils inductively related to said circuit and the primary coil. I

4. A sourceof energy and a circuit therefor, a primary 'coil inductively related to said circuit and having in circuit controlling means, and a plurality of secondary coils inductively'related to said primary coil.

5. A source of energy and a circuit therefor, a primary coil inductively related. to

" said circuit and having in circuit controlling means, and a plurality of secondary coils inductively related to said first named circuit and the primarycoil. H

(3. A source of energy and a circuit there.- For, a plurality of coils inductively related thereto, a current using instrumentality in circuit with one ofsaidcoils, and make-and .said coils into and out spurce.

brake mechanism iz'or bringing another of of circuiLwith said 7. A source of energy and a circuit there for, a primary coil inductively related to said circuit, a secondary; coil inductively res lated to said primary coil, and c1rcuit'c0n-' for, a primary coil inductively related .to

said circuit, controlling mechanism for said circuit and the-primary coil, and a plurality of? secondary coils inductively associated with said circuit'and the primary coil.

19. A sourceo'f energyand acircuit there Y.

for, a primary coil'inductively related to said circuit, and a secondary circuit compris:

ing' a plurality of coils inductively related to said first named circuit. andthe primary coil.-"

11. A source of energy and a circuit there- A for, a primary coil inductively-related to' said circuit, inter'rupterQ mechanism in said circuit, a secondaryfcoil inductively related to said primary coil, and'a current using in stru'mentali'ty connected in circuit with said seccndarycoil. V

112. A source of energy and a circuit ther nected in-said'circiiit, and a secondary. coil e for, a primary coil inductively related to said circuit, interrupter mechanism con-- inductively i'elated'gto said circuit andthe a primary coil and having P- 1 V I 13.- -A source of energy and acircuit therein circuit a spark for, a primary coil'i iductively related-to Y said circuit, and a secondary circuit comprising a plurality-ofcoils one of which is inductively related tof said first named circuit and anotherfo'f ,wl'i'ich is inductively related to the said primary coil.

' 4, A source of energy a circuit therefor, a primary coil inductively related to said circuit, and-a secondary circuit comprising a plurality of coils'oiie of which is inductivelymelated to the first named cirzuit and another of which is inductively related to the said circuit and the said primary coil.

15. A source of energy and a'circuit therefor, a primary coil inductively related to said circuit, and a secondary circuit c0Inprising a plurality of serially connected coils in ductively related to said circuit. and the primary coil.

16. A source-of energy, a coilconnected in circuit therewith, a primary coil inductively .related to saidfirst coil, controlling mecha-- nism in circuit with said first coil, and a secondary coil. v 1

'17. A source of energy, a coil connected in coil inductively related to said first circuit therewith, a primary coil inductively related to said first coil, controllingmechanism in' circuit with said first; coil andthe primary'coil, and a secondary coil inductively related to said firstjcoil; v ,v'

18. A source of energy, a coil connected in circuit therewith, a primary coil inductively related to said first coil, controlling mechai nisin'in circuit with said first'coilam the primary coil, and a secondary coil finductively related to said other coil.

'19. A source of energy and acirouittherefor, three or more coils inductivelyjrel'ated to said circuit and to onejanother, and con trolling mechanism connected in circuit with two or more of .'s'aid coils. 7 2'0. A sdurc-bf energyasa a cir'cuijt therefor, three. or more coils inductively related to sa1d clr'cuit and one of which has incircuit a spark gap, and controlling mechanism in circuit with another of said coils.

. 21., A source of energy and a circuit therefor, three. or more coils inductively related to saidcircuit-and one of which has in circuit aspark gap, and controlling mechaa 122. A source of energy, a transformer core, a plurality of coils adapted for connection with said source and so arranged with respect to the core as to set u in the latter opposing lines (if-magnetic uX, secondary winding inductively relates to one of said coils,'and means for bringing one of the-first vthe source of energy.

named coils into and out of connection with 23. A source of energy, a transformer core, a plurality of coils adapted for conneccan with said s'ourceand so arranged on the core as'to set up a ma nenjcflnxthera in, secondary winding in netively related to one of said coils, and means forintrmitlines of magnetic flux therein, se ond coils into and out ten'tly bringing one of the first named coils into such connection with the source of em with respect to the core as to set-u inthc latter opposing lines of magnetic ux, secondary winding inductively related to said coils, and means for bringing all of said source of energy; y Y

25. A source of energy, a transformer "core, aplurality of primary windings adapted for connection with said source and so arranged on the core as to set up opposnism in circuit with one or more of said of connection with the ary winding inductively related to said primary windings, and means for bringing said primary windings into and out of connection with said source of energy.

26'. Atransformer core, means for setting .up therein a magnetic flux and causing said flux to take a leakage path and comprising a plurality of windings adapted for connectionwi'th a source of energy, and secondary winding inductively related to said core.

j A transformer core, means for setting 11p therein a magnetic flux and causing said flu'ig totake a leakage path and comprising a' plurality of windings one of which is connected with a source of energy and means forhbfringing another of said windings into andoutof connection with said source of energy, and secondary winding inductively r lated t6 said core. 28. Ajtransformer core havin magnetic circuit, "a plural'ity'c primary a closed windings the turns of which are unidirectionally wound onsaid core andadapted for connection with a source of energy, sec: ondary windlng inductively related to one of said primary windings, and make and break mechanism for controlling one or all of said primary windings with respect to inductive relationship with said core..

' 29. A transformer-core having aclosed magnetic circuit, a plurality of primary windings unidirectionally wound upon said core, means for connecting said windings in parallel with a source of energy, and secondary winding inductively related to said winding. v

30;" A plurality of. primary windings inductively related to one another, means for alternately connecting said windings with a source of alternating current and direct current, and secondary .winding inductively related to said primary windlngs'.

31. A plurality of primary windings in- ,ductively related to one another unidirectionally wound upon a transformer core, means for alternately connecting said winding s with a source of alternating current and direct current, and secondary winding inductively related to said primary windings, I v

32. IA plurality of primary windings, cir-' .cuit controlling mechanism, and means for connecting all of said windings to a source of alternating current and one of said windings in circuit with thecontrolling mechanism and for bringing said windings" out of alternating current connection and into connection' with a source of continuous current I and with said controlling mechanism. v

33. A source of alternating current, a source of continuous current, a plurality of coils inductively associated with one another, switch means for vconnecting said coils in circuit with either one of said sources, secondarywinding inductively'related to saicltcoils, and interrupter mechanism for bringing one of said coils intermittently out of circuit with said source of ale ternating current and for bringing all of said coils intermittently out of circuit when said coils are connected in continuous-current circuit. v a

34. A transformer core, a plurality of coils arranged thereon, secondary winding inductively related thereto, circuit controlling'smechanism, and means for connecting all of said windings in parallel with a source of alternating current, and for bri'ng- 'ing' said wind ngs out of alternating cur rent connectlon and 1nto energizing relationship with a source of continuous current and into circuit with the controlling.

mechanism;

A plurality of primary windings, a

1 my hand.

source of alternating current, a source of continuous current, secondary Winding, in-

terrupter mechanism, and switch means for" connecting said primary windings in circuit with the source of alternating current and one of said-primary windings into. circuit with'the interrupter mechanism, and

for bringing said primarywindingsout of alternating current connection and into par all'el connection'with a source of continuous current and circuit with the interrupter mechanism. v r

., In testimony whereof I haye hereunto set R OHARDIVARLEY. Witnesseszj I E4 A v 1-. 

